China Tourist Guides — Environment

The Peoples Republic of China is the third largest country in the world and occupies roughly, one-fifteenth of the world's land mass. This vast tract of land in eastern Asia is flanked on the North by Mongolia and Russia, on the east by the Tibetan Plateau, to the south by the towering Himalayas, and to the east by the East and South China Seas. There are over 6500 islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.

China's topography is varied - some of the highest mountain ranges in the world meld into inhospitable plateaus and highlands, which later give way to valleys and plains watered by over 50000 rivers.

China has four distinct seasons, with great variations in temperatures between the North and the South. From September to April, cold winter monsoon winds blow in from the North, gradually weakening as they reach the Southern areas of the country. From April onwards, the warm southerly winds from the oceans bring rainfall and higher temperatures to most of the country. Spread over 9.6 million square kilometers of land, climatic zones in the country range from the extremes of equatorial to cold temperate, with moisture ranging from arid to humid.

Because of the rich and varied topography, China was once home to a great diversity of wildlife. However, the demands of over one billion people have taken its toll, extensive deforestation, urbanization and industrial pollution has left much of China's wild life on the edge of disaster. Although there are over 932 protected nature reserves, many of China's best known plant and animal species are now rare and on the brink of extinction.

The best known of and most lovable of these is the giant panda, now an international icon of the endangered species of the world. Other lesser known but no less valuable are the golden-haired monkey, South China tiger, brown-eared pheasant, white-flag dolphin, Chinese alligator and red-crowned crane.

China's abundant plant life has lead to its being a leader in the world of alternate medicine. Apart from more than 2000 species of edible plants and 3000 species of medicinal plants, there are more than 32000 species of higher plants and over 7000 species of woody plants. China is home to the metasequoia and the golden larch, some of the most rare species in the world. Some other indigenous plants, found only in China are the Chinese cypress, Cathaya, China fir, Taiwan fir, Fujian cypress, Dove-tree, Eucommia and Camplotheca Acuminata.

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