Indonesia Tourist Guides — Environment

Indonesia consists of over 17,000 islands of which about 6,000 are inhabited. Situated along the Equator, the climate is uniformly hot and humid throughout the year. The dry season, from April to October, is the best time to visit the country, with the tourist season peaking between July and August. The higher regions provide a cooler, more comfortable climate. Two thirds of the islands of Indonesia are forested with woodlands and swamps, while one third is arable land.

There are about 120 active volcanoes in Indonesia and the country experiences at least ten eruptions per year. Java's Tangkuban Prahu is a popular volcano for tourist visits, as are Mt. Mearpi and Mt. Bromo, and Bali' Mt. Agung.

There is a diversity of wildlife consisting of both Asiatic and Australian fauna. The species indigenous to Indonesia are the orangutan apes, giant komodo lizards, one horned rhinoceros, Banteng oxen and tigers. Indonesia's waters and coral reefs abound in the world's largest variety of marine life, ranging from pygmy seahorses, bobtail squid, clownfish at one end of the spectrum; at the other end one finds sharks, tuna, barracuda, mackerel, mantas, eagle rays and morays, and marine mammals such as dugongs, dolphins and whales.

The range of Indonesian floras is no less prolific - from the tiny orchid to the world's largest flower - the giant 'Rafflesia' plant which has a bloom of almost a meter in diameter. The archipelago, straddled as it is over the Equator, has some of the richest hardwood timber forests in the world. Varieties such as Meranti, ramin, agathis, teak, pinewood, rattan and bamboo are the backbone of Indonesia's export trade.

Deforestation is a major environmental concern, with Indonesian hardwood in great demand; rainforests are disappearing at a very fast pace. There are many national parks and protected areas, especially on the islands of Papua, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatra. The Bali Barat National Park in Western Bali is a reserve for wild oxen and Rothschild's starlings. The Baluran National Park in northeastern Java has large forest and savannah grasslands with deer and water buffalo. The Banyuwangi Selatan Reserve in southeastern Java has protected rain forests. The Komodo National Park is home of the famed giant Komodo lizards of the same name. The Tanjung putting Reserve has an orangutan research and rehabilitation center.

Agricultural products are rice, cassava, peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, and an abundance of tropical fruits and vegetables.

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