Nepal Tourist Guides — History

A brief glimpse of the history of Nepal will bring out the various facets of this small country, highlighting its social, political and cultural complexities. According to records, the Kiratis in the 7th and the 8th centuries were the first to arrive here from the east, setting up a Buddhist community. Gradually Hinduism replaced Buddhism due to the invasion of the Licchavis in the 2nd Century A.D. With the Licchavis, the golden era in Nepal was ushered in with a great flourish in art and architecture. And from then onwards a vast array of dynasties, one replacing the other, bringing forth various cultural trends has enriched the heritage of Nepal. The Thakuri dynasty followed next.

Modern Nepal as we know it today was first initiated by the Gorkha ruler Prithvi Narayan Shah, who managed to unite various autonomous hilly states under one kingdom. However with the British colonization in Nepal from the 1814 to 1816 anarchy started again and could only be restored after several years of struggle by the Rana Empire. The empire managed to increase the security of the country, protecting it from any further foreign invasions. However they also remained allies of the British Empire luxuriating in palaces while the economy of the country gradually degenerated.

The Ranas however sustained only till the Second World War, when the British finally withdrew from India. Anarchy now set in Nepal once again, and King Tribhuvan, who had fled to India, was now appointed as the prime minister of the country. It was a period of unrest since several political parties tried to impress their stronghold in various regions of the country. It was only in the 1950s that a united effort was shown towards forming a unified government, according to the British model.

In 1959, King Mahendra declared a new formation of a constitution and for the first time in the country democratic elections were being held. Under the Nepali Congress Party a new government was formed and B.P.Koirala, this government was elected as the new prime minister. But within the first 18 months of it.s working, king Mahendra too dismissed this government and a new constitution was founded in 1962. The new constitution started a party-less government rule, and absolute power was vested on the monarch.

In February 1996, the Maoist party, under the Dr.Bhattarai started a Civil War against the idea of absolute monarchy. The anarchy was closely followed by Prince Gyanendra has now inherited the throne, Nepal is yet to see a peace and persistent order in the country, since civil strife still continue to rise.

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