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Vietnam Tourist Guides — History  Vietnam first came into existence as a small kingdom called Au Lac surviving on agriculture. In 221 BC, the Chinese who were expanding their empire, conquered Vietnam and included it as part of their kingdom. They attempted to influence Vietnamese politics and culture. The philosophy of Confucius was promoted and adopted as the way of life. The Chinese language, music, architecture - among others, all became a part of the Vietnamese life. The Vietnamese fought back against the foreign rule - the earliest revolt was in 39 AD when two sisters rebelled against the Chinese and established themselves as sovereigns for a brief period. Independence finally came in 939 when Ngo Quyen over threw Chinese rule and put the Vietnamese back at the helm. His death a few years later was unsettling, however the establishment of some strong dynasties, like the Ly followed. While under their rule many Chinese customs were still followed, Vietnamese were reviving their sense of pride in their nation as well as their cultural and historical past. Vietnam was attacked time and again- Kublai Khan, the Chinese - yet again - the French and even the Japanese. Finally the country succumbed to French colonial rule until 1940 when the Japanese got control. By this time there was a rebel force lead from within by Ho Chi Minh - a moderate Communist Group, the Vietminh, aiming to expel the foreign rulers and introduce reform and gain independence. However, the outcome was a country divided at the 17th parallel - the Vietminh in the North and the French and other allies in the South. In 1965, the US alarmed at the possibility of the Communists over running South Vietnam, launched their offensive on North Vietnam and the country went to war till 1973. However, war soon broke out with neighboring Cambodia and it was not until as late as the 1990's that peace finally prevailed in the country.
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